Baseball And Its Impact On America s National Pastime Essay

Introduction Since its grand entry in the 19th century, baseball has evolved to be one of the most popular sport nationally and to be known as America’s national pastime. This multibillion dollar industry attracts millions of fans worldwide throughout different regions. The origin of baseball is believed to have evolved from a ball-and-bat game called Seker-Hemant played by ancient Egyptians dating as far back as 2,500 BCE. Fast-forwarding time, modern day baseball began with the formation of the Cincinnati Red Socks in 1869 following with the establishment of the National League in 1876 and later the American Association in 1901. It wasn’t until 1903 the Major League Baseball (MLB) was born. Baseball was seen as a recreational activity that differentiated between cities due to different versions and rules of the game, baseball did not strike its popularity until the Civil war, documentation shows high interest in this particular sport during this time period. Baseball began with the formation of the Cincinnati Red Socks in 1869 following with the establishment of the National League in 1876 and later the American Association in 1901. It wasn’t until 1903 the Major League Baseball (MLB) was born. The Major League Baseball (MLB) today consists of 30 teams that represent cities throughout the United States and Canada. The early years of MLB is most known for its baseball wars, legal disputes, bidding of players, threats between leagues and broken contracts. Throughout theShow MoreRelatedBaseball is the National Pastime1051 Words   |  5 PagesFor most sports fans there is nothing like opening day and a baseball field. In recent years I have over heard several people say Baseball is not the National Pastime or National Game any longer. When I query these people the typical response is Football is our new National pastime/game. Frank Deford (Nov 7, 2012) a writer for Sports Illustrated said, Baseball is what we used to be. 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Gated Radiotherapy Using Internal Ducial Markers - 823 Words

Next, we talk about gated radiotherapy using internal ducial markers. Multiple internal ducial markers (normally three to ve numbers) are implanted in or around the tumor site to track the tumor motion in real-time during treatment cycles in order to identify breathing phase and displacement such that the optimal gate can be designed Seppenwoolde et al. (2002); Shirato et al. (2000); Shimizu et al. (2001); Kitamura et al. (2002, 2003, 2002); Shimizu et al. (2000); Shirato et al. (2003). The individual markers are tracked in all three directions using imaging techniques such as conventional cone beam CT kV projection images. The tumor location is determined by averaging the marker coordinates in the SI, AP and Lateral directions independently. The markers are gold plated and 2mm in diameter. Pre-treatment simulations are performed on the patient using digitally reconstructed radiographs DRRs Russako et al. (2005) that are computed from the planning CT data. This is done to test whether the patient can handle the invasive procedure of marker implantation; to delineate the tumor and surrounding anatomical structures; perform simulations on the generated DRRs over multiple breathing cycles using identical treatment setup geometry at end-of-inhale phase and end-of-exhale phase to design an optimal treatment plan that delivers tumoricidal dose while avoiding normal tissue toxicity. The gating location and size are determined by comparing the marker position during the

Economic Models and Price Elasticity

Questions: 1.Economic models are false and so government should ignore their predictions.  Explain, discuss and evaluate the accuracy of this statement? 2.Using the economics or other literature to identify estimates of the price elasticity of demand for at least three different products. Provide full citations for the Employed literature. Comment on the magnitudes of these estimates in relation to the standard economic determinants of the price elasticity of deman? Answers: 1. Economic Models and Price Elasticity of Demand Estimates This section presents a comprehensive discussion and evaluation of the accuracy of the statement, Economic models are false and so government should ignore their predictions. The expedient fact regarding economic models is that they all remain wrong in an austere sense, if only economic models are incomplete (Krugman, 2009). A close and thorough examination of any economic model invariably reveal that the model differs from what it denotes. For example, a newspaper article regarding a murder will only inform the reader of the name, age and sex of the victim with a fortunate omission of exact position of knife wounds alongside aggregate blood volume spilt on floor. It will also deliberately omit details kept secret to help in the identification of the murderer. One should never be astonished to realize that the underlying model of interest is incomplete and, hence false. Moreover, a models falseness can be determined with the minimum effort possible (Krugman, 2009). It is possible to acknowledge numerous significant ways in which a particular model varies from that which it denotes. Nevertheless, the fact that any given model is false does not imply that a model is useless. False models have been continuously utilized in economics. Since there is never a single model that is 100% correct, it is tantamount to refusing to use any given model at all where one rejects a model merely because it is false. Useful models can be distinguished from useless models via scientific methods. Models remain useful due to their ability simplify phenomena, however, models are false for this same reason (Azzopardi, 2014). Models are simplification/abstractions and hence they are false or incomplete. The manner in which these models are simplifications might never be essential for given purposes but the simplification may indeed make models useful. For example, models can be used to predict income exactly. In this case, one is required to know exactly number of products a company will make and sell in the coming year and the price fetched. Such predictions anchor economic details on the manner individual prospective customer will behave in the forthcoming year and so forth (Azzopardi, 2014). Since such facts remain unknown during the preparation of a budget, it remains inaccurate or false. Budgets are, however, universally used by the government notwithstanding faults of the models. A budget will enable the corporation to decide and plan and, hence, achieve higher profits than it would be feasible in the absence of budget (Lampe, M., Willenbockel et al., 2014)). From the above discussion, the statement in my view is partially accurate at the first part that economic models are all false but inaccurate on the second part that they should be ignored. The accurate position is that economic models are false but are useful and hence should never be ignored by the government (Szreter, 2015). 2. Estimates of Price Elasticities Economic theory fundamental building block is that increasing (or decreasing) price of a product decreases (or increases) demand for a product. The Price Elasticity describes extent to which utilization of a commodity declines or increases after a rise or a drop in its price. Where the price of demand for a commodity were very low (inelastic), demand would decline or rise solely slightly in reaction to changes in prices (Tomek Kaiser, 2014). For instance, where a price of a product is about 0.1, demand for this commodity would drop by merely 0.1% for every a percentage surge in price. Demand for a commodity with high PED would drop much more abruptly in reaction to increases in prices (Galperin Ruzzier, 2013). The following list gives the summary of the identified estimates of price PED for different products. Air travel 2.4 Automobiles 1.2 Cigarettes 0.3 Coffee 0.3 Foreign travel 1.8 Housing 1.0 Motion pictures 3.7 Restaurant meals 2.3 Salt 0.1 Shoes and footwear 0.7 Specific brands of coffee 5.6 Water 0.2 The following graph gives a further understanding of price elasticities of demand Commenting on the Estimates Magnitudes The comments on above estimates are made with respect to standard economic determinants of price elasticities of demand. The PED of a product is largely determined by the substitute goods availability (Ahern, 2014). A product with more close substitutes will probably have a higher price elasticity of demand. The higher percentage of income of a consumer utilized in paying for product, the higher elasticity tends to be noted. The non-durable products higher elasticities are dictated by the longer a change in price holds. The lower price elasticities are dictated by the more necessary a good becomes (Mumbower, Garrow Higgins, 2014). The PED of water, air travel and salt are selected from the above list to comment on their magnitude in relation to determinants of their price elasticity of demand. Common determinants of PED include substitute goods availability, proportion of purchasers budget consumed by product, degree of necessity, duration of price change, breadth of good definition, and brand loyalty (Powell et al., 2013). From the above list water (0.2) and salt (0.1) are necessity goods. They, therefore, have the least magnitude comparatively in relation to price elasticity. This is because the greater the necessity of a good, the lower the price elasticity of demand. This means that consumers will always attempt to buy necessary products. On the other hand, air travel has a higher price elasticity because it is a luxury product and hence tends to have greater magnitude in terms of price elasticity (Boland, 2014). Coffee initially had a lower degree of necessity but it is a habit-forming product and hence has become necessities to consumers and will have a lower magnitude thus the 0.3 value (Rios, McConnell Brue, 2013). However, it can be seen from the list that the price elasticity of specific brands of coffee has a higher price elasticity of 5.6. This means that it has a lower degree of necessities and hence people will substitute it with other close substitute when the price rises. References Ahern, K. R. (2014). Do common stocks have perfect substitutes? Product market competition and the elasticity of demand for stocks. Review of Economics and Statistics, 96(4), 756-766. Galperin, H., Ruzzier, C. A. (2013). Price elasticity of demand for broadband: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. Telecommunications Policy, 37(6), 429-438. Krugman, P. (2009). How did economists get it so wrong?. New York Times, 2(9), 2009. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013). Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Mueller, N. D., West, P. C., Gerber, J. S., MacDonald, G. K., Polasky, S., Foley, J. A. (2014). A tradeoff frontier for global nitrogen use and cereal production. Environmental Research Letters, 9(5), 054002. Chen, Y., Cook, W. D., Kao, C., Zhu, J. (2014). Network DEA pitfalls: Divisional efficiency and frontier projection. In Data Envelopment Analysis (pp. 31-54). Springer US. Boland, L. A. (2014). The Methodology of Economic Model Building (Routledge Revivals): Methodology After Samuelson. Routledge. Azzopardi, L. (2014, July). Modelling interaction with economic models of search. In Proceedings of the 37th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research development in information retrieval (pp. 3-12). ACM. Boland, L. A. (2014). The Methodology of Economic Model Building (Routledge Revivals): Methodology After Samuelson. Routledge. Lampe, M., Willenbockel, D., Ahammad, H., Blanc, E., Cai, Y., Calvin, K., ... Kyle, P. (2014). Why do global long?term scenarios for agriculture differ? An overview of the AgMIP Global Economic Model Intercomparison. Agricultural Economics, 45(1), 3-20. Szreter, S. (2015). Fertility, social class, gender, and the professional model: statistical explanation and historical significance. The Economic History Review, 68(2), 707-722. Tomek, W. G., Kaiser, H. M. (2014). Agricultural product prices. Cornell University Press. Mumbower, S., Garrow, L. A., Higgins, M. J. (2014). Estimating flight-level price elasticities using online airline data: A first step toward integrating pricing, demand, and revenue optimization. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 66, 196-212. Powell, L. M., Chriqui, J. F., Khan, T., Wada, R., Chaloupka, F. J. (2013). Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes. Obesity reviews, 14(2), 110-128.

The Doctrine Of Soteriology Essay Example For Students

The Doctrine Of Soteriology Essay The Doctrine of Salvation (Soteriology)God provides us with everything we need; we see this in Genesis where he provided Adam everything he needed. Jesus became a man by reincarnation a verse to support this is John 1:14 The word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory. The glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth. Jesus was perfect he did not even yield to the temptations of his nature unlike the people around him. It says in John 14:30 that but the world must learn that I love the Father and that I do exactly what my Father has commanded me. Jesus did not even yield to temptations in his actions. Jesus died for us, his death was a substitute for our deaths, and his death was sufficient in doing so. Though Jesus died he did not stay that way for long. As a matter of fact he was resurrected just like it says in I Corinthians For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance that Christ died for our sins according to scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the scriptures. Jesus death covered sin completely. After he was resurrected he ascended to heaven. We will write a custom essay on The Doctrine Of Soteriology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As Christians we must admit that we are sinners and that we deserve to die in hell forever. Because of Christ we do not have to suffer that though. We must repent for our sins and must believe that Christ died on the cross for our sins. We must also ask Chris to come and live in our hearts and help us live our lives. We must dedicate everything to Christ and not put anything before him. We must witness to others our life in Christ so that they may also receive Gods gift.God calls us to him in many ways some of them are:1. The Bible: Romans 10:16-17. 2.The Holy Spirit: John 16:7-11. 3. Through men: Romans 10:14-15. 4.Through Providence: Romans 2:4. We turn to God when we repent and show God that we have faith. When you repent you turn away from sin. When you have faith you turn to Jesus and just trust in him without reason or answers.God forgives us no matter how many times we mess up. God still loves us even when we mess up. When we ask for forgiveness we receive the righteousness of Jesus. A scripture to support this is II Corinthians 5:21 God made him who gad no sin to be sin for us so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. God works through the Holy Spirit and in doing so he makes the believer holy in heart and behavior. To become sanctified you must daily die to sin and live everyday for Christ. Sanctification is a process: You must: A. Be sanctified when you are new born in Christ. B. Be righteous throughout your life. C. Final sanctification occurs when Christ ReturnsAll these help you to understand and daily live your life the way Christ would have you to.